Sweetener Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sweetener - Assignment Example In China people derived it from a grassy plant called â€Å"Saccharum†, in Hindustan Peninsula (India) from palm juice, in Canada from maple, in Poland from birch juice. The sugar that we know today came from India. It is believed that Indians some 3000 years ago invented sugar from cane. The Indians collected juice of cane, boiled it until the formation of brown crystalline grains. These grains in Sanskrit were called â€Å"sarkara†. The name sugar in different languages came from the original Sanskrit name. Thus, in Arabic – Sukkar, in Turkish – Seker, in Latin – saccharum, in Italian – zucchero, in German – Zucker, in Russian – Skhar, and in English – Sugar. In 327 B.C. the warriors of Alexander the great entered the Indian land. Their attention was attracted to the strange white colored solid material with a sweet taste. Onisikrit, the Greek historian of that time, who accompanied Alexander the great, wrote about the fact that in India; a cane produces honey without bees. Seventh century Arab expansion revealed Indian recipe of sugar production. Arabs brought the sugar cane from India and began to cultivate in Middle East. Arab established sugar production in North America and Spain as their expansion spread. West Europeans came to know about sugar during 11th century Crusade. Later West European trade with the East introduced sugar to the Europeans. Sugar was an extraordinarily expensive product at that time. For example, in 1319 in London, in today’s currency it cost $ 100 for one kilogram. In the 15th century sugarcane made its voyage to the New world, thus becoming one of few plants that came from Europe to America. It is recorded that in 1493, Columbus took sugar cane plants to grow in the Caribbean, and thus established a whole period of sugarcane plantation network. Caribbean islands became a real paradise for Indian sugarcane. Plantation supporting required a lot of workers. This also established export of 900,000 slaves from Africa during 1701 to 1810 just to support plantations in Jamaican and Barbados. Massive sugarcane plantation resulted power struggle among leading world powers of that time to take control of West Indies. In 1674, the Netherlands surrendered New York (at that time was called New Amsterdam) to England in exchange of sugar plant ownership in Suriname. In a 1673, France was ready to leave Canada to the UK in exchange for the return of Guadeloupe. Necessity is the mother of invention, and it dictated to find an alternative of expensive sugarcane â€Å"sugar† in Western Europe. Way back in 1575, French botanist Oliver de Serres tried to draw attention to the high sugar content in sugar beet, however, only in 1747, German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf managed to extract sugar from sugar beets. He presented a report about this discovery to the Berlin Academy of Science. During the life of Marggraf, his discovery did not get the ne cessary attention. In 1786, Charl Achard, French by birth, one of Marggraf’ student initiated agricultural experimental work of cultivation near Berlin. His goal was to learn how to grow the most sugary beet that could be used for sugar production. In January 1799, Charl Achard presented the first significant sample of sugar beet that weighed about 4 kg to the Prussian king Frederick William III. In his explanatory note to the King, he mentioned that by replacing sugarcane â€Å"sugar† by sugar beet â€Å"sugar† the country would save a considerable amount of foreign currency and create jobs for the locals. In 1802, with help from the government, Charl Achard, built the first plant in the estate of Kunren of Prussia for the production of sugar from sugar

Bleak House Commentary Essay Example for Free

Bleak House Commentary Essay The following is an analysis of a passage from Charles Dickens novel, Bleak House, in which a bleak and dreary atmosphere is conveyed. The first thing that is mentioned by the narrator in the first paragraph of the passage is mud, and this plays a significant part in the depiction of a filthy, dirty environment. The beginning line, As much mud in the streetsand it would not be wonderful to meet a Megalosaurus, forty feet long or so, waddling like an elephantine lizard up Holborn Hill uses hyperbole to suggest that the streets are so muddy that its almost like the beginning of the world, and it wouldnt be strange to see a dinosaur roaming around because of that. Also, the line Dogs, undistinguishable in mire. Horses, scarcely better; splashed to their very blinkers is an exaggeration of how the streets are so dirty that one cannot tell the different between the mud and the dogs, and even horses are up to their eyes in it. This shows us just how much mud and grime there is, and how dirty everything is. Another aspect in this passage is the dreariness and the bleak environment. This is expressed in the line Foot-passengers, jostling one anothers umbrellas, in a general infection of ill temper, and losing their foot-hold at street-corners, where tens of thousands of other foot passengers have been slipping and sliding since the day broke (if this day ever broke), adding new deposits to the crust upon crust of mud Firstly, the line jostling one anothers umbrellas suggests that the place is so overcrowded and uncomfortable that people are all bumping into each other, and that their ill temper is spread like a disease every time they come into contact, and it stirs in us a sense of claustrophobia because the people are all packed together. This adds to the implication that its a miserable and unpleasant place to be. Also, the fact that the foot-passengers are using umbrellas suggests that it is or has been raining, strengthening the general feeling of gloominess. Furthermore, the fact that the part of the line slipping and sliding since the day broke (if this day ever broke) is written in parenthesis suggests the sarcastic voice of the narrator, that he is mocking the foot-passengers ill temper and derisively commenting on the cold and depressing atmosphere, and this in turn reinforces that very fact. The use of sibilance in slipping and sliding further increases the effect of the dismal environment. The following line, Smoke lowering down from chimney-pots, making a soft black drizzle with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun is very effective in expressing how unpleasant the place is. The fact that the smoke is lowering down, instead of drifting upwards as it normally does, implies that the atmosphere is so oppressive that even smoke cant escape and is being pushed down. In addition, there is a personification of the soot and snow, as they have gone into mourning for the death of the sun. This could be an implication that the place is so gloomy and polluted that you can no longer see the sun, and that is why it has died, and is also why everything is black. This effectively intensifies the feeling of despair and dreariness that is hanging over the city, and the bleakness of the environment. The second paragraph of this passage concentrates mainly on fog and how it has been personified into a shadowy demon from which there is no escape. The first line of the second paragraph begins with Fog everywhere, and this alone is a very abrupt, aggressive statement that makes us feel, once again, slightly claustrophobic, as though there is fog pressing in all around us and that there is no escape from it. Subsequently, the lines Fog in the eyes and throats of ancient Greenwich pensioners, wheezing by the firesides, and Fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little prentice boy on deck are examples of how the fog is personified, and made to seem sinister, omnipresent, like an oppressor that takes pleasure in attacking weak, vulnerable people like ancient Greenwich pensioners and the shivering little prentice boy. Another very effectual line is Chance people on the bridges peeping over the parapets into a nether sky of fog, with fog all round them, as if they were up in a balloon, and hanging in the misty clouds. The use of the verb peeping is very interesting because it means the people are looking quickly or secretly over the bridges, and it creates a sense of nervousness and apprehension, as though the people are frightened of the fog, thus making the fog seem all the more threatening. In addition to this, the use of parapets may not be just a reference to the sides of the bridge, as it also makes us think of castles, and so people peeping over parapets makes it seem as though they are under siege or under attack from an army of fog, which goes back to the allusion that the fog attacks weak or vulnerable people. Furthermore, the last part of the line, as if they were up in a balloon, and hanging in the misty clouds conveys a sense of helplessness, because when youre in a balloon you have very limited control, and this has been used as a metaphor to suggest how the people have no control over the fog and that they are trapped by it. Once again, this creates the feeling of claustrophobia and makes it seem overwhelming as there is so much fog and theres no way out. The structure of these this passage is very interesting to note. The first paragraph is almost conversational, as though the narrator is describing to us the many events of the day, while the second paragraph suddenly switches to more somber, grave narrative of the fog, and this affects us and makes us feel uneasy of the fog. This is also partly because the passage is written in the present, and so it involves us, makes us feel as if we are there in the dreary environment. Additionally, the elongated syntax of the sentences mirrors the long, miserable day and the never-ending fog, and this intensifies the gloomy feeling we get from it. In conclusion, this passage from Bleak House uses many different techniques such as personification, hyperbole and tone of voice to effectively express the dirty and gloomy environment and the general feeling of misery and despair.

The Last Samurai :: essays research papers

The Last Samurai-Scene 11 - 17   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The scene started off with a man by the name of Capt. Nathan Algren (Tom Cruise) laying on a floor wearing dirty garments and yelling out the name of a man that he had just killed before his capture. The Captain was captured during a fight between the Americans and the Japanese, but instead of killing the American, the Samurai leader Katsumoto (Ken Wantanobe) wanted him alive so that he could learn from his enemy’s ways. The Captain was staying in Katsumoto’s ex brother-in-law’s house with the now widowed young lady and her children. The lady was very un-accepting of the war hero at first, because he was the man who killed her husband, but as the story grew, she, along with the rest of her Buddhist tribe grew to like the American. As the American got stronger and was given more rights by their tribe, he started to learn the art of Japanese language and symbolism. While he was learning the semantics of another culture, I noticed that he had completely forgotten his ways as an American soldier and instead, took on the way of the Samurai. As the ways of the Samurai embodied him, he grew emotionally and spiritually enough to the point of complete change of being. He was now willing to fight for the Samurais, and although they did not have all the weapons that the Americans possessed, they did have much more structure of discipline and self control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The clip ends with the American apologizing to the young lady for the slaying of her husband. She accepts, and then tells him in Japanese that they ware each doing their duty, and that it was only karma that took her husband. I would have to say that it was the semantics of this Japanese culture that he was learning that intrigued me the most about this film. That is why I chose to tie in the concept of semantics with this movie clip, because its definition is very culturally-bound in a way that combines the study of words and meaning with the ways of the Japanese.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Semantics ties into this scene from its beginning when the Captain first gets a glance of how these natives speak, all the way though to the ways that they write and prepare for war. The Japanese had a very different way of structuring words than the American had ever seen, but as he started to take part in their teachings, the Captain started to be able to write and even speak in their native language.

poe :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Edgar Allan Poe’s works, there are many similarities between them and his life. There are plenty similarities to find when only focusing on two of his stories, The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado. When paying close attention, it is easy to notice the similarities and differences between Poe‘s life and his stories..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first topic to be discussed will be the similarities between the two tales. In both of the stories the murderers knew the men that they killed. Also, in both stories the murderers hid the body of the victim. An important factor in a tale about murder, is that the killer has a motive to commit the crime. There are plenty of similarities between Poe’s stories, just as well, there are many differences between the tales also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with comparisons, there are also many contrast between The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado. In The Tell Tale Heart the man killed out of insanity over the old man’s eye, but in The Cask of Amontillado, the narrator killed out of jealousy, â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge.† In The Tell Tale Heart the narrator panicked and cut the body up in order to hide it, while the narrator in The Cask of Amontillado remains calm during and after the crime was committed. Another difference between them is that the narrator in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† confessed to the crime out of guilt and insanity, â€Å"Villains!’ I shrieked, ’dissemble no more! I admit the deed!--tear up the planks!--here, here!--it is the beating of his hideous heart!† In The Cask of Amontillado the narrator is never caught. After looking at the differenceâ€⠄¢s between Poe’s work it is very entertaining to compare the stories to his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of Poe’s stories and poems can be tied to events that have happened in his life. A lot of the hard times that he had had gone through in his life he used as motivation to write his poems and stories. For example the story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† is thought of to be related to the consumption (aka tuberculosis), which took the life of many of the women he loved. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the dying old man good be seen as Poe’s adoptive father on his death bed, and how the old mans eye made the murderer uncomfortable could be an analogy for how Poe’s father made him feel uncomfortable because he knew that his father did not love him.

British policies that have taken place since the end of the Second World War

In this essay I am going to be looking at British policies that have taken place since the end of the Second World War. The government have used a mixture of private and public welfare up until today; I am going to be looking into what ideologies influence the policies that have been put into place. Also throughout the essay I will explain how ideologies and policies have an effect on certain social groups in society. The term ideology is the ideas and beliefs of an individual or a group about how the world should be. There are lots of different political ideologies; the main two I will be looking into are Liberalism and social reformism. However both of these ideologies overlap with Marxist and conservative views which I will look at broadly. The first ideology I am going to look at is Social reformism also known as social democracy. This emerged from the late 1800’s and was set up from the trade unions and non conformist churches such as Methodist in Britain. This ideology has very strong values in helping and supporting people who are worse off than their selves. They believe that the government has a duty to look after the worse off in society, and they try to do this through the welfare state. They believe that democratic change is the way forward to succeeding in society, this usually means voting will be used to determine what changes are made. Social reformism believes that the government should interfere with the running of society and that the large industries should all is state owned. Another one of their ideas is for everyone to have equal opportunities, also a part of this is the belief that if you have a big income that you should be taxed according to this. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial Policies This means that the rich will be getting taxed more than the poor which will mean the money will be put into the state to help the worse off, to help everyone become more equal and have equal chances in life. The second ideology I am going to look at is Liberalism which is the philosophy of john Locke, Adam smith and John Stuart Mill. This ideology mainly started in the 1600’s as a movement against the power of the monarchy however became more dominant in the 1800’s. The Liberalists stand for freedom and protection of people’s rights and equality between everyone. Liberalists believe that the government should have none or very little involvement with the running of society. This includes limiting the state owned businesses and government powers over industries. From a economics point of view Liberalism believes that we should have a free market and free enterprise over the world. They encourage free trade so much in order to move forward towards being a more successful capitalist society. Liberalism does not want the state involved in the economy ect, as they believe it works best without any political input from the government. However as the liberalists believe in the protection of human rights they accept input in policing, courts, and the military as these are provided to protect individuals. The next ideology I’m going to look briefly at is Marxism also known as socialism. Marxism was first introduced by Karl Marx who believed in having a classless society in the 1600’s. Marxists believed that there were two main groups who were relevant in making the economic system worked. He called them the Bourgeoisie who are the owners of industry, and the proletariat who are the working class.Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide The Marxist idea is that the owners of industry exploit the working class to make as much profit out of them as possible. The Marxists notice this and have a view that a revolution should take place which would let the working class rise against the ruling class. Marxists believed that the state should be fully involved in society such as owning industries, and have control over health care, housing and a good welfare system to ensure everyone has equal opportunities at having a good life and a good standard of living. The last ideology that was mainly used was conservatism which emerged at the time of the French revolution 1789. Conservatism has a very traditional approach and believes in maintaining the status quo or having very little slow change. This ideology believes that the class system in our society works. They believe that having an upper class, middle class and working class is a functional way to live. They believe that we should be able to help the poor but not too much that they get dependent on societies input into helping them. In 1939 was the beginning of World War 2, where Britain took place in one of the toughest wars known to history. The war affected everyone in the country as individuals, businesses and families. Neville Chamberlain was the Prime minister of Britain at the beginning of World War 2, however in 1940 Chamberlain decided to resign and Winston Churchill became Prime Minister. Post war governments throughout 1945-1975 steered the economy and all the political parties to continue and to further support the welfare state. This time is also known as the kaynesian and Beveridgian period. William Beveridge was a social reformist who was asked to carry out a a report which was released in 1942. He believed that the government should pay to provide basic welfare, and take responsibility for helping the unemployed and people in poverty. In his report he said that the government should be able to tackle the â€Å"5 evil giants† Which are Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. The Beveridge report is such an important part of history because the Beveridge report helped produce the welfare state. Kaynes was an economist which argued that in times of recessions the government should invest into the economic system to help create jobs for people. This would be a good idea because as people now have jobs they will then be able to pay their money slowly back into the economy. However when the economy is booming the government should be able to have the power to be able to slow down the economy by introducing more taxes, this is so people don’t demand more goods as this may lead to inflation. Around the time just after the war there were a lot of social reformist approaches. Firstly The National Health Service Act (1948) was introduced. This act was established to give people a right to a free health service and free medical treatment for everyone. However when this Act was first mentioned GP’s were not fond of the idea and didn’t want to join. However this Act has affected many people throughout Britain For years such as Working Class Families. This Act has given them the opportunity to have free health care where as they may not have been able to afford medical treatment before which means we as a country are saving more lives through the NHS. The next Act i am going to look at is the National Insurance Act (1946). At this stage when the Act was first introduced everyone had to pay into it (employer, employee, and the government) which entitles you to sick pay and a pension. The next Act was the Children’s Act (1948), this gave the government responsibilities for looking after children in Britain and having the main power for the Childs Protection . Throughout 1946-1948 housing Acts were also introduced to help people get a better living standard. Between 1950-1975 we currently had nationalised industries. This meant that the government owned most of the large industries such as Coal, gas and electric. Within this time period the government also decided to get rid of the Grammar schools which meant also scrapping the 11+ exam and introduce comprehensive schools, which was also a social reformist idea. However they did decide not to abolish private schools which meant this also had a sense of a conservative approach. This is because keeping the private schools is only keeping the class difference the same of if anything making the gap larger. In the late 1970’s family income support was introduced. This policy was pretty much the same as working tax credits however this meant that your income was supplemented to a good living standard. This was introduced to try and not let people get into the poverty cycle, people went through a means testing processes which the government believed was done very fairly and reached out to help a lot more people who were struggling or maybe not entitled to the original benefit. From 1979-1997 lots of changes were being made to society when the conservatives where in power. Margret Thatcher a conservative, re introduced a Liberalist approach into society. Even though Thatcher stood for the conservative party she introduced a lot of Liberalist ideas into the policies between 1979 and 1997. This idea of a new liberalist approach was known as The New Right. Thatcher believed that the state was being used too much and was too involved in people’s lives. This era is known as the welfare break up, as Margret Thatcher was very Anti welfare state and in favour for lowering the income tax. Thatcher decided to start De nationalising industries because she believed they were inefficient and there were way too many people employed. The railway, coal, BT and parts of the NHS were a few industries which where effected who were put into the hands of the private sector rather than the government meaning a lot of people loosing their jobs which is also a Liberalist approach. At this time the conservatives also tried to cut the welfare benefits; however did not successes with this due to the government worrying about riots because unemployment was at its highest at 4million which would leave a lot of people fending for them selves. However slight changes were made to the welfare system where they cut 16-18 year olds being able to get welfare benefits. This was because they wanted too push teenagers to go and get a job or go into education, this is where the government intruded the youth training system to help young people. In 1997 Labour won the election by a landslide victory making Tony Blaire MP. In the 1980’s before Labour were elected socialists argued with social reformists within the labour party. This made some of the MP’s leave the labour party who chose to create a social democrat party, which has now formed into the Liberal democrat party. He also decided to change the name to ‘New Labour’ as apposed to ‘Old Labour’ as they had removed some of their socialist ideology. They came up with an idea of a ‘third way approach’, this meant that they were able to take bits of ideologies and put them together to win votes. One example of this is labour not changing some of the privatisation of the NHS which would win over voters from more of a conservative background. Through 1997-2010 there were lots of policies introduced by the Labour government. Some of the policies took a very Liberalist approach and some took a Social reformism approach. I am firstly going to look at the policies which were introduced by social reformism under Labour government. The first Policy i am going to look at is the National Minimum wage. This was introduced so that people were able to only sell their labour for a good standard amount of money. This is also to helps people (especially working class) not to fall into poverty as they will be guaranteed a ‘liveable’ wage. The minimum wage has changed since it was first brought in, as the minimum wage now stands at ?6. 08 for workers over the age of 21. Also to be re introduced was Working family tax credits, which Labour increased the amount of money people where able to get to supplement their income which reached out to working class families to help them have a better standard of living. The government were also very fond of trying to tackle child poverty. They did this by injecting money in to schools in low income areas to help the children get a better education in that area, and also supplying children with after school clubs and breakfast clubs to help families struggling financially. Another major policy brought in by Labour is Job seekers allowance. This was introduced to help people get back into work and to support them financially whilst doing so. Most of these policies introduced by social reformism under Labour government are there to help families with low income living in low income areas. Labour also had policies which were introduced by Liberalism. Firstly Labour continued to slowly de nationalise industries and introduce agencies to run the government department. Therefore this Liberalist view is mostly advantaging the Upper/middle class. This is because if Labour are still privatising parts of the welfare state for example social care the working class are going to be unable to pay for these services due to low income. Gordon Brown was elected for Labour in 2007 where Britain fell into a economical crisis. He then went to nationalise the banks which meant the government had to buy shares or all parts of the banks to ensure they didn’t go under, which is a socialist idea. In 2010 the Coalition government came into power which consisted of the Liberal democrats and Conservatives. There aims for Britain are to be able to reduce government spending by cutting back on the welfare, education and local government services which is based on Liberalist Ideology. Up to the present day to day Britain is still struggling to get back on its feet after the recession however things are improving.

Dam Infrastructrure Essay

Dam Infrastructrure Essay Dam Infrastructrure Essay In today’s world even politicians agree, â€Å"Infrastructure is not sexy† (CNN Newsroom), said by Ret. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Infrastructure is one of the biggest internal threats to the United States, and we hardly ever discuss it within our political system. Theodore Roosevelt, president of the United States from 1901-1909, understood the importance of conservation of natural resources and development of water power on the nation’s rivers. This drove the United States into an era of dam construction throughout numerous rivers, both great and minor (Jenkins, John Wilbur). Dams have an average life span of 50 years, and 25% of the dams in the Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams are now more than 50 years old. This number is projected to increase to 85% by the year 2020. Consequently, we are already seeing huge structural failures and problems within the United States, some examples are Hawaii, Oklahoma, and Arizona. Each of these s tates hold a D (60% or below-average) grade point average (GPA) on the United States Report Card for Dam Infrastructure (Corps of Engineers). The United States public interest in building dams arose on October 1, 1933, when â€Å"The Oregonian† newspaper of Portland printed a headline saying, â€Å"Bonneville Dam Calls for Impressive Changes in Columbia Gorge,† the newspaper reported: â€Å"All eyes turn toward Bonneville, chosen site for a $31,000,000 dam for development of power and navigation in the mighty Columbia.† Seasonal floods, jutting rocks and relentless cascades are the legacy of the undeveloped river, but that soon would all change, the newspaper reported: â€Å"The march of progress finally has overtaken Old Man River. The Columbia will undergo transformations, both visible and invisible, at the hands of man.† Hydropower, is the lasting legacy of British Columbia, where dams to this day provide more than half of the electricity consumed in t he Pacific Northwest. President Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican, embraced the concept of multiple-purpose dams that would create slackwater for navigation, provide flood control, and generate hydropower. In 1906, and again in 1910 after he left office, the General Dam Acts authorized the federal government to license water power dams on navigable rivers. Water power became a national issue under Roosevelt. In 1907 he created the Inland Waterways Commission to study development of the nation’s rivers, and in February 1908 the Commission delivered its preliminary report to Congress. The report declared rivers are assets of the people, warned about monopolies taking over river development, and endorsed multiple-purpose development of rivers (Harrison, John). In the report, Roosevelt wrote: â€Å"Our river systems are better adapted to the needs of the people than those of any other country . . . Yet the rivers of no other civilized country are so poorly developed, so little us ed, or play so small a part in the industrial life of the nation as those of the United States† (Survey). Among members of the Commission, only the Army Corps of Engineers disagreed with Roosevelt’s view that rivers should be developed for multiple purposes (Harrison, John). The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense that was founded on June 16, 1775; the USACE is a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public-engineering, design, and construction management agencies. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity. The corps' mission is to "Deliver vital public and military engineering services; partnering in peace and war to strengthen our Nation's security, energize the economy and reduce risks from

The Roman Relationship Between Patron and Client

The Roman Relationship Between Patron and Client The people of ancient Rome were divided into two classes: wealthy, aristocratic patricians and poorer commoners called plebians. Patricians, or upper-class Romans, were patrons to plebian clients. The patrons provided many types of support to their clients who, in turn, rendered services and loyalty to their patrons. The number of clients and sometimes the status of clients conferred prestige on the patron. The client owed his vote to the patron. The patron protected the client and his family, gave legal advice, and helped the clients financially or in other ways. This system was, according to the historian Livy, created by Romes (possibly mythical) founder, Romulus. Rules of Patronage Patronage was not just a matter of picking out an individual and giving him money to support himself. Instead, there were formal rules pertaining to patronage. While the rules did change over the years, the following examples provide an idea of how the system worked: A patron could have a patron of his own; therefore, a client, could have his own clients, but when two high-status Romans had a relationship of mutual benefit, they were likely to choose the label amicus (friend) to describe the relationship since amicus did not imply stratification.Some clients were members of the plebian class but had never been slaves. Others were freed slaves. While freeborn plebes could choose or change their patron, freed slaves called liberti or freedmen automatically became clients of their former owners and were obligated to work for them in some capacity.Each morning at dawn, clients were required to greet their patrons with a greeting called the salutatio. This greeting could also be accompanied by requests for help or favors. As a result, clients were sometimes called salutatores.Clients were expected to support their patrons in all matters, personal and political. As a result, it was possible for a wealthier patron to count on the votes of his many clien ts. Meanwhile, however, patrons were expected to provide a range of goods and services including food (which was often traded for cash) and legal counsel. There was also patronage in the arts where a patron provided the wherewithal to allow the artist to create in comfort. The work of art or book would be dedicated to the patron. Outcomes of the Patronage System The idea of client/patron relationships had significant implications for the later Roman Empire and even medieval society. As Rome expanded throughout the Republic and Empire, it took over smaller states which had its own customs and rules of law. Rather than attempting to remove the states leaders and governments and replace them with Roman rulers, Rome created client states. Leaders of these states were less powerful than Roman leaders and were required to turn to Rome as their patron state. The concept of clients and patrons lived on in the Middle Ages. Rulers of small city/states acted as patrons to poorer serfs. The serfs claimed protection and support from the upper classes who, in turn, required their serfs to produce food, provide services, and act as loyal supporters.

Organic Smirnoff Vodka

Organic Smirnoff Vodka Organic Smirnoff Vodka is the most consumed spirit globally with its market share accounting to 22.5%.In the year 2008, there was a tremendous increase in its consumption as the total sales added up to 512.7 cases while the trajectory was phenomenon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Smirnoff Vodka specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This growth has been persistent for a long time since over the course of the past 20 years, organic Smirnoff vodka has added a sale of 246.7 million cases equal to CAGR of 3.5%.In the year 2007, Diageo was the global leader in the spirits industry with their sales adding up to $14,968 million. The impressive growth in market share held by organic Smirnoff vodka over other similar spirits can be attributed to varied reasons. One, many individuals are now watching what they consume due to the side effects many of the drinks are associated with. Organic Smirnoff vodka has been known to h ave fewer effects on consumers’ health and the environment at large. Since organic Smirnoff vodka is a non alcoholic drink its demand has tremendously increased. Secondly, the labeling of the category has also influenced the sale of this brand. Research has shown that by the year 2006, the consumption of private labeled spirit in the United State of America had rise to a level slightly beyond the $3 billion mark with the further increase of more than 3% anticipated by the year 2011. This increase is projected to be higher compared t the sale of other spirits in the same line with organic Smirnoff vodka. The introduction of more organic Smirnoff vodka flavors and pre mixed drinks in to the market has attracted more consumers hence, increasing the average sale. Other products in the same line including other Vodka brands, Grey Goose, Ciroc, Absolute Vodka, sky and all alcoholic beverages are giving the global vodka a tight competition for the already flooded market. Although th e competition is very high, organic Smirnoff vodka makes more sales due to its high branding and recognition. The product is also packaged in distinct bottles of varied quantities at pocket friendly prices. This has attracted its consumption by people of different works of life hence, increasing its sales. The availability of variety of organic Smirnoff vodka flavors and pre mixed drinks known to be low in calorie content and organic drinks has attracted more consumers. The sale potential of organic Smirnoff vodka has also been enhanced by international brands while ads on vodka have reinforced the brand name and identity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many consumers have continued consuming organic Smirnoff vodka because of its palatable taste and wonderful warm feeling not felt with other vodka brands. In fact, some consumers argue that, other vodka brands leav e a burning sensation in the digestive tract. During the production process, organic Smirnoff vodka is passed through a series of distillations leading to a brand with high percentage in approval. On opportunities, the market for pre mixed drinks has developed rapidly over the last few years. In addition, there have been changes in the social patterns, lifestyle, population profile and awareness of importance of organic products. There are threats that are anticipated. First, there are continued fears about the social impact of alcohol consumption and abuse. Volatility in raw materials prices is also expected. Other threats are change in regulatory environment and loss of interest in organic products. For sure, â€Å"Smirnoff leaves one breathless.†

Evaluation on buying organic food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation on buying organic food - Essay Example Psychosomatic study has shaped a large number of theories associated with the difficulties encountered in organic food purchase decision making process. These studies have revealed that consumers’ purchase decisions in a definite environment and at a specified time are determined by a combination of mental and relative factors as well as their connections (Klockner 40-56).Moreover, the following phases will be conferred: In what way do ethics, principles, attitudes and fears for both the health and environment influences the consumption of organic food, does availability, visibility, and prices awareness contribute, the role played by trust, environmental and health psychological simulations contribution towards organic food purchase and lastly, the impact of labels on organic food on decision making influence Consumers are always placed at the bottom of production chain. However, they play a chief role in in the establishment and development of the organic food market. In ess ence, the ultimate purchase in a supply chain, health food entity or on a grocery market by a consumer creates the demand that eventually sustains organic production sector. In addition, the act of purchasing food is not as easy as it seems since it requires keen attention by the consumer for the ingredients among other nutrients details. Further, the purchasing process can be split into a sequence of linked decisions by the consumer. For instance the consumer will start with allocating time for his/her shopping, then they will choose the place where they will go for their shopping for example, a local supermarket, hypermarket, grocery shop, etc. Accordingly, the consumer will make his/her budget, and the category of products they would like to purchase. This is the most important stage that a consumer of organic food faces. Further, this stage is consequential because within each food classification the consumer must have a specific product they are willing to purchase. The importa nce of the mentioned stages affects the end product of purchase. For instance, when a decision to shop in a supermarket instead of a grocery store is made, both places will have different varieties of produces. Consequently, the different variety impacts the foodstuffs that are taken into thought. In addition, when the food shopping is done under time constraints, it will clearly have an effect on the purchase choice because the time invested to make decisions is dramatically reduced ( Reed 87-100). It is important to evaluate the explanation of motive in influencing the purchase of organic food. Generally, there must be a motivation that triggers individuals to prefer organic food over conventional food when making a decision. Consequently, there are three main motives to buying organic food namely; Values, Attitudes, and Concerns. These three motives are psychological and the purchaser keenly regards them. The consumer will be purchasing organic food with a motive of enriching the ir health and on the other hand protect the environment and the animal welfare which is a value that most organic food consumers hold. Consequently as has been mentioned earlier, health concerns are a chief influence to the purchase of  organic food.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Marketing a Product Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing a Product - Research Paper Example Below is a logo of Nike where all Nike’s products bear this logo. As a product, all shoes manufactured by Nike bears its logo. The logo distinguishes Nike from other companies’ products. The logo is attractive to the clients and stands out as the best athletics wear (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 2008). In some cases, the client feels proud when wearing the shoes since it instills self confidence. As such, Nikes products cannot be compared with other rival companies such as Puma. Also, place stands out as part of the 4p’s of marketing. Nike products are made in Nike town. This is one company where every single detail reads Nike. On the other hand, Nike shoes are distributed by Nike stores as independent distributors who are located in different countries globally (Teece, 2010). In this case, the creation of different places to sell their products makes it easy for many people to access these shoes. Thus, there is a possibility of clients getting a Nike shoe across the globe. The price is also part of the 4 p’s. Given that Nike is an already trusted and established product, their shoes can sell at the highest dollar. As a result, Nike uses cost-based pricing. Also, Nike shoes price is competitive in nature to outshine their rivals in the sportswear (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 2008). The pricing is a premium segment based and targets customers while pricing utilizes vertical integration such that at the lowest level there are more operations compared to upper level. Promotion is also outlined as an essential part of the 4 p’s of marketing. Nike has excelled in its promotions and their print promotions are simple but they give a very powerful message. For example, Nike can use an athlete to advertise a new brand of shoes. Also, Nike sometimes sponsors sporting event with the aim of promoting its products (Teece, 2010). Another

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 10

Human Resource Management - Essay Example s all countries, all professions and all the categories of worker, including both blue and white-collar workers, as well as families and society in general (What is workplace stress? Website at http: //www.ilo.org/public/english/ protection/safework/stress/whatis.htm). It should be mentioned that though stress has already become a well-studied phenomenon, it is quite complicated to define both the notion of stress in general and in particular the notion of job stress. â€Å"Job stress can be defined as a harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirement of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury.† (Stress at work, Website at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html). Though this definition is quite correct, the statement that stress is harmful can be argued. Every day people face new and inexperienced situations and normally they should be able to get new responses in their reaction to such situations. It would therefore be a mistake to claim that stress is for sure a negative phenomenon, because a person cannot exist in this world without any interaction with the constantly changeable environment and the other people. That is why only excesses of stress situations are harmful and leads to pathological effects. Recent researches approved that job-related stress leads to coronary deficiency, and a variety of mental and physical abnormalities (Bosma, 1997, pp. 558—565; Gushue, 1996, pp. 1310—1313). In consequence of long standing study of the impact that stress in the workplace has on civil servants in Great Britain, researchers have discovered that there is a relation between a servant’s feeling of impossibility to have control over the process and chance of getting cardiovascular diseases. On studying of 7000 civil servants, both women and men, the scholars have come to the conclusion, that the feeling of self-helplessness often combined with heart

Strategic Marketing Planning Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Marketing Planning Assignment - Essay Example In the 21st century the word of internet and technology is an ever-changing one and is filled with interesting startups who with their innovative ideas could pose considerable challenges to at least some of the areas where Google operates. Moreover there are other significant players like Yahoo! and MSN, who have the financial scale and technological wherewithal which could match Google. The operating environment for an organisation like Google is a complex mix of technological, social, political, economical and other factors. Especially the ever changing technological environment is bringing in newer challenges for a company like Google. Google is known as an innovative organisation but to continue its success the company would have to strategies and innovate and stay ahead of the curve. For this to happen it is extremely crucial for it to analyse its environment properly. And it should always be cautious about the game changers who could pose some threat to its business or specific business areas. One of the best tools or model to analyse the environment for Google or any other organisation would be to use what Johnson and Scholes (1996) recommend. They propose a five step approach to determine the organisation’s strategic position. This approach is used to look into certain key issues like complexity of the environment, the level and type of interaction the firm has with its marketing environment, impact of the change in environment and it different variable on the firm, predictability of any future changes that might take place, the receptiveness of the present management in context of trends and also the capability of the firm to cope with the changing environment. Audit of the Environmental influences and Assessment of its nature: The environment of an organisation can be analysed through the PEST model. It consists of

Analyzing Ethical Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Ethical Behavior - Essay Example usiness should behave, and this goes a long way in creating an organizational culture which will see the business increase its efficiency (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt, 2010). Business ethics will stipulate how the business relates to its stakeholders to ensure that there is a good relationship hence reduces cases of lawsuits, make high profits and ensure business continuity. In the past, unethical business practices have resulted to various scandals, which have resulted to serious economic disasters. Since firms have the need to increase their profits they will engage in lucrative practices, which will make them earn unfair profits and benefit from unethical practices. For any company to be successful, it has to protect all their shareholders since everyone will feel comfortable in an environment where they see their needs are being considered. Trust created by the business to all its stakeholders goes a long way in increasing the businesses’ success and profitability. This paper will look at the financial events surrounding Bernie Madoff, and ENRON and elaborate on the consequences and implications related to a lack of code of ethics. Enron Corporation was a company in the energy sector located in Texas and had an employee base of 21000 workers in 2001 before it went out of business. The company fell due to false accounting techniques, which made it to be listed as one of the largest companies in the United States with a rating of seventh overall (Lashinsky, 2001). The company was expected to control the market since it had securities in communications, energy and weather portfolios. The company had a well set out fraud plan by using support from political powers to get favors and get an unfair advantage. The company could shut down power plants so that they could get extra money by charging high rates for energy due to the shortages they created. The company used favors from president bush and Clinton to get an unfair advantage, and it is said that

Strategic Marketing Planning Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Marketing Planning Assignment - Essay Example In the 21st century the word of internet and technology is an ever-changing one and is filled with interesting startups who with their innovative ideas could pose considerable challenges to at least some of the areas where Google operates. Moreover there are other significant players like Yahoo! and MSN, who have the financial scale and technological wherewithal which could match Google. The operating environment for an organisation like Google is a complex mix of technological, social, political, economical and other factors. Especially the ever changing technological environment is bringing in newer challenges for a company like Google. Google is known as an innovative organisation but to continue its success the company would have to strategies and innovate and stay ahead of the curve. For this to happen it is extremely crucial for it to analyse its environment properly. And it should always be cautious about the game changers who could pose some threat to its business or specific business areas. One of the best tools or model to analyse the environment for Google or any other organisation would be to use what Johnson and Scholes (1996) recommend. They propose a five step approach to determine the organisation’s strategic position. This approach is used to look into certain key issues like complexity of the environment, the level and type of interaction the firm has with its marketing environment, impact of the change in environment and it different variable on the firm, predictability of any future changes that might take place, the receptiveness of the present management in context of trends and also the capability of the firm to cope with the changing environment. Audit of the Environmental influences and Assessment of its nature: The environment of an organisation can be analysed through the PEST model. It consists of

Referral coursework- Viva Alterative Coursework

Referral - Viva Alterative - Coursework Example hers had highlighted a possible relationship existing between the ecological characteristics of the Canary Islands and the morphological characteristics exhibited by the Chalcides lizard. Such previous researches have associated the differences in morphology exhibited by the lizards as occurring due to adaptation to the varied environmental conditions or because of the nutrients available in the four Canary Islands. In a bid to ascertain whether this relationship between the morphological characteristics of lizards and the environmental conditions in the different islands existed, 296 lizards were identified as an effective sample for the study. Notably, the 296 lizards used in the study were obtained from the four islands which exhibit varied environmental conditions. The lizards were transferred to a laboratory and effective preservation occurred in preparation for the statistical analysis. Notably, there was a possibility that lizards from the same island would have different morphological characteristics. Among the 296 lizards, 88 were from the La Gomera islands while 74 were from the Gran canary. In addition, 85 lizards were collected from the Tenerife Island and the remaining 47 were obtained from El Hiero Island. The study observed body scalation and body dimensions and went forth to use the one way ANOVA to analyse the covariance between the morphological traits and the environmental co nditions in each island. There was evidence that there is an existing correlation between the two variables in the different Canary Islands. Evidently, obtaining a sufficient sample size of the four Canary Islands, considering the geographical condition of each was a major challenge. This required both time and adequate resources as well an effective identification and collection technique of the Chalcides lizards. Moreover, the climatic conditions of the islands were not favourable for the researcher and the research required resilience if an effective sample size was to

Smartphone Speech Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Speech Essay The first ever smartphone – IBM Simon smartphone? A high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone or camera phone. Todays models also serve to combine the functions of portable media players, low-end compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units. Modern smartphones typically also include high-resolution touchscreens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphones include Apples iOS, Googles Android, Microsofts Windows Phone, Nokias Symbian, RIMs BlackBerry OS, and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. Such operating systems can be installed on many different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple OS software updates over its lifetime. The distinction between smartphones and feature phones can be vague and there is no official definition for what constitutes the difference between them. One of the most significant differences is that the advanced application programming interfaces (APIs) on smartphones for running third-party applications can allow those applications to have better integration with the phones OS and hardware than is typical with feature phones. In comparison, feature phones more commonly run on proprietary firmware, with third-party software support through platforms such as Java ME or BREW. An additional complication in distinguishing between smartphones and feature phones is that over time the capabilities of new models of feature phones can increase to exceed those of phones that had been promoted as smartphones in the past. History Early years It was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product that year at COMDEX, the computer industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a touchscreen to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen predictive keyboard. By todays standards, the Simon would be a fairly low-end product, lacking a camera and the ability to download third-party applications. However, its feature set at the time was highly advanced. The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokias smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996. This distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone was the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital assistant (PDA) by Hewlett-Packard combined with Nokias best-selling phone around that time, and early prototype models had the two devices fixed via a hinge. The Communicators are characterized by a clamshell design, with a feature phone display, keyboard and user interface on top of the phone, and a physical QWERTY keyboard, high-resolution display of at least 640? 200 pixels and PDA user interface under the flip-top. The software was based on the GEOS V3. 0 operating system, featuring email communication and text-based web browsing. In 1998, it was followed by Nokia 9110, and in 2000 by Nokia 9110i, with improved web browsing capability. In 1997 the term smartphone was used for the first time when Ericsson unveiled the concept phone GS88 the first device labeled as smartphone. Symbian The Nokia 9210 Communicator (Symbian 2000 model smartphone)In 2000, the touchscreen Ericsson R380 Smartphone was released. It was the first device to use an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was the first device marketed as a smartphone. It combined the functions of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA). In December 1999 the magazine Popular Science appointed the Ericsson R380 Smartphone to one of the most important advances in science and technology. It was a groundbreaking device since it was as small and light as a normal mobile phone. In 2002 it was followed up by P800. Also in 2000, the Nokia 9210 communicator was introduced, which was the first color screen model from the Nokia Communicator line. It was a true smartphone with an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was followed by the 9500 Communicator, which also was Nokias first cameraphone and first Wi-Fi phone. The 9300 Communicator was smaller, and the latest E90 Communicator includes GPS. The Nokia Communicator model is remarkable for also having been the most costly phone model sold by a major brand for almost the full life of the model series, costing easily 20% and sometimes 40% more than the next most expensive smartphone by any major producer. In 2007 Nokia launched the Nokia N95 which integrated a wide range of multimedia features into a consumer-oriented smartphone: GPS, a 5 megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash, 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity and TV-out. In the next few years these features would become standard on high-end smartphones. The Nokia 6110 Navigator is a Symbian based dedicated GPS phone introduced in June 2007. In 2010 Nokia released the Nokia N8 smartphone with a stylus-free capacitive touchscreen, the first device to use the new Symbian^3 OS. [16] It featured a 12 megapixel camera with Xenon flash able to record HD video in 720p, escribed by Mobile Burn as the best camera in a phone,[17] and satellite navigation that Mobile Choice described as the best on any phone. [18] It also featured a front-facing VGA camera for videoconferencing. Symbian was the number one smartphone platform by market share from 1996 until 2011 when it dropped to second place behind Googles Android OS. In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all of its future smartphones. [19] This transition was completed in October 2011, when Nokia announced its first line of Windows Phone 7. 5 smartphones, Lumia 710 and 800. Smartphone market share For several years, demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful processors and graphics processing units, abundant storage (flash memory) for applications and media files, high-resolution screens with multi-touch capability, and open operating systems has outpaced the rest of the mobile phone market. According to an early 2010 study by ComScore, over 45. 5 million people in the United States owned smartphones out of 234 million total subscribers. Despite the large increase in smartphone sales in the last few years, smartphone shipments only made up 20% of total handset shipments as of the first half of 2010. According to Gartner in their report dated November 2010, total smartphone sales doubled in one year and now smartphones represent 19. 3 percent of total mobile phone sales. Smartphone sales increased in 2010 by 72. 1 percent from the prior year, whereas sales for all mobile phones only increased by 32%. According to an Olswang report in early 2011, the rate of smartphone adoption is accelerating as of March 2011 22% of UK consumers had a smartphone, with this percentage rising to 31% amongst 24- to 35-year-olds. In March 2011, Berg Insight reported data that showed global smartphone shipments increased 74% from 2009 to 2010. A survey of mobile users in the United States by Nielsen in Q3, 2011 reports that smartphone ownership has reached 43% of all U. S. mobile subscribers, with the vast majority of users under the age of 44 owning one. In the 25-34 age range smartphone ownership is reported to be at 62%. NPD Group reports that the share of handset sales that were smartphones in Q3, 2011 reached 59% for consumers 18 and over in the U. S. In profit share worldwide smartphones now far exceed the share of non-smartphones. According to a November 2011 research note from Canaccord Genuity, Apple Inc. olds 52% of the total mobile industrys operating profits, while only holding 4. 2% of the global handset market. HTC and RIM similarly only make smartphones and their worldwide profit shares are at 9% and 7%, respectively. Samsung, in second place after Apple at 29%, makes both smartphones and feature phones and doesnt report a breakdown separating their profits between the two kinds of devices, but it can be intuited that a significant portion of that profit comes from their flagship smartphone devices. Up to the end of November 2011, camera-equipped smartphones took 27 percent of photos, a significant increase from 17 percent last year. Due to the fact that we carry smartphones with us all the time, smartphones have replaced some functions of Point-and-shoot cameras, except the cameras with big optical zoom such as 10x. In early July 2011 the Pew Research Center released the results of a new study. The findings show that 35% of adults own smartphones, and those phones are the main source of Internet access for 25% of their users. The trends and adoption rates continue to climb and mobile devices and connections become a bigger part of the lives of more and more people.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Holdings Malaysia Berhad Marketing Essay

Kentucky Fried Chicken Holdings Malaysia Berhad Marketing Essay KFC is an abbreviation of Kentucky Fried Chicken is a chain of fast food restaurant based in Louisville Kentucky, in the United Stated and was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952. Since he was only 9 years old, he discovered his penchant for cooking. Through the years he grew up to become a personage the world knows as Colonel Sanders, founder of KFC. KFC mainly sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its main focus is  fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of grilled and roasted chicken products,  side dishes  and  desserts. Although Harland Sanders died in 1980, he remains as a important person of the company`s branding and advertisement, and formerly known as Colonel Sander, is a metonym for the company itself. In 1991, the company adopted KFC, an abbreviated from of its name but starting in April 2007, the company began used Kentucky Fried Chicken, its own original name for its signage, packaging and advertisement. Kentucky Fried Chicken recipe includes blends of 11 herbs and spices and become franchising to the rest of America. By the early 70`s, that special recipe reached Malaysia. Today, KFC Malaysia continues to serve finger lickin` good, succulent pieces of chicken. Its delicious aroma was attract most Malaysian citizen and became popularly amongst them. KFC prides itself as a fast-food restaurant give customers great tasting chicken with a selection of home-styled side dishes and dessert. The first KFC restaurant was opened in 1973 on Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman. Until now, KFC Malaysia reached about 500 franchised around Malaysia and still counting. Great tasting chicken has become synonymous with KFC, and has been enjoyed by Malaysians ever since. Now KFC Malaysia has developed its own distinctive Malaysian personality of its own. The Companys Background KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd., (KFC Holdings) is a branded chicken retail chain operator. KFC Holding in Malaysia operates about 500 KFC restaurant nationwide also operates the RasaMas chain of restaurant about 35 outlets. Approximately 52 Kedai Ayamas owning by the Group of KFC Holding, making this company as nation`s first branded chicken and chicken-based retail chain. Not only serve fast-food as main business, KFCH also widely involved in poultry production and processing, as well as a host of ancillary businesses such as vegetable farming, baking and sauce production. KFCH has emerged as strong big company in Malaysia`s businesses and retail world with high reputation for excellent product, efficient friendly service and financial strength. Undeniably, KFCH is the only KFC restaurant operator in world whose serve Western Quick Service Restaurant market greater than that of McDonald`s. KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd (KFCH) operates service not only being the franchisee of KFC chain of restaurant in Malaysia but also in Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia and India. 1.2 Board of Director (Executive Director) Kamaruzzaman bin Abu Kassim   Chairman Non Independent Non Executive Director Ahamad bin Mohamad Deputy Chairman   Non Independent Non Executive Director Jamaludin bin Md Ali Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer Kua Hwee Sim   Independent Non Executive Director Tan Sri Dato Dr Yahya bin Awang   Independent Non Executive Director Hassim bin Baba   Independent Non Executive Director Datuk Ismee bin Ismail   Non Independent Non Executive Director Datin Paduka Siti Sadiah binti Sheikh Bakir Non Independent Non Executive Director   During the KFCH`s period of services, below show the awards and achievement of the KFCH from year 2008 until year 2010: Award Year Awarding Body Trusted Brand 2010 Yum! Brands Readers Digest Most Trusted Brands 2010 Readers Digest Putra Brand Award 2010 (Silver) 2010 Putra Brand Awards Association of Accredited Industrial Excellence Award for Service Sector 2008 Malaysia 100 Brand Excellence in Product Branding for Fast Food Chicken Category 2008 Brand Laureate KFC People Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Best Operations Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Restaurant Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Marketing Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Franchisee Of The Year 2008 Yum! Brands Yum! Reel Advertising Excellence Brand 2009 Yum! Brands Effie Award (Bronze) 2009 Effie Readers Digest Most Trusted Brands 2009 Readers Digest Franchisee Of The Year 2009 Yum! BrandsTable 1.1: KFC`s award and achievement from 2008 to 2010. Award Year Awarding Body Best Brand Category 2008 Brand Laureate Outstanding Product Innovation Award 2009 Malaysian Livestock Industry Awards [emailprotected] Awards 2009 Livestock Asia Expo Forum Table 1.2: Ayamas`s award and achievement from 2008 to 2009. Nature of Business KFCH handles over 620 KFC outlets comprising of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia and India and over 35 RasaMas restaurants in Malaysia and Brunei. Over the year, KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd. (KFC Holdings) improve in advancement of fast-food with its original recipe of kentucky fried chicken, KFC Holdings also engaged in the business of poultry, processing, restaurants and property holding. Other than that, KFC Holdings is also engaged in operating hatchery, breeder farms, poultry retail and convenience food store chains. Chicken, fresh bun, cakes, snacks, sauces, chicken rice meals and Freezer to Fryer products are the examples of products offered by the company. The businesses units serve by KFC Holdings are: Restaurants KFC and RasaMas Ayamas retail Poultry Integration Ancillary Operations Restaurants KFC is the best-established brands in Western Quick Service Restaurants market not only in Malaysia but also worldwide. Report has been recorded that over 620 KFC restaurants in Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Cambodia and India. Recent product was emerged by KFC Holdings such as Egg Tart offer to customers as a variety alternative to attract peoples. Successful first steps were taken by the company to re-brand Rasa Ayamas outlets by established RasaMas as dine-in restaurants. The first Rasa Ayamas Restaurant opened in 1996 and the aims is to brings all its ready-to-eat cooked food under the Rasa Ayamas name also to promote the Ayamas processed products to all Malaysians citizen. Ayamas Retail Ayamas Retail is Malaysia`s first branded poultry retail chain established by KFC Holdings. The services given by the Ayamas is to sell chicken and chicken-based products in an air-conditioned environment to fulfill customers need. It is also offer a selection of chicken roasters and light, chicken-based snacks. In 1988, the first convenience store was opened at Seapark and afterwards there are about 52 stores under the name Kedai Ayamas. The products are at tip-top of quality halal branded chicken that been processes and packaging by the company`s own processing plants. Poultry Integration The KFC Holdings processing plants process poultry for restaurants around the nationwide while focusing to achieve cost-efficiency while maintaining halal and high quality standards. The poultry integrator and operations consist of breeder farms and hatchery, feed mills, poultry farms, contract broiler farming and processing and further processing plants was undertaken by the Ayamas Food Corporation Bhd. Other than that, the Ayamas operations also to supply whole chicken and cut chicken parts further processes chicken product to the domestic market as well as to export the products to nearby country such as Singapore, Brunei, Hong Kong and Middle East. Figure 1.2: Marketing division of Ayamas Poultry Integrations. Ancillary Operations KFC Holdings on its own complement core business then take benefits from an integrated ancillary support system that comprises the sauce manufacturing, bakery and commissary operations. The Region Food Industries Sdn Bhd (RFI) is the company that leading the sauce manufacturers with producing about 12 million bottles per annum. Financial Performance Figure 1.3: Graph shows the performance of KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd on 11 February 2011. The financial performance was reported that the company resulting a moderate improvement on the services that provided by the company since it was established. Through its subsidiaries, the company operates in three segments known as restaurants, integrated poultry and ancillary. Since that, the company became strengthen and establishes franchises around Malaysia as the financial performance show a good condition. Chairman of KFC Holdings said that sales at restaurants since its open more than a year jumped 16 percent in 2008,double the rate of 2007 and then three times faster than the global average for KFC outlets. KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd., the best performer on the nation`s benchmark stock index, said it will sustain the fastest growth in at least 10 years as demand for deep-fried chicken defies an economic slowdown (Chan Tien Hi, December 3, 2008). KFC SALES GROWTH RATES Table 1.3: Summary of Earnings Table of KFC Holdings (M) from 2005 until 2009. Table 1.4: P L Breakdown of KFC Holdings (M) from 2005 until 2009. The table 1.3 and 1.4 on previous page shows the sales growth rates of KFC Holdings (M) from year 2005 until 2009. It was shown that KFC Berhad remains by far one of the cheapest mid-large cap consumer companies in Malaysia. It can be seen on the table of the overleaf for regional comparison. The sales growth rate was increased from 2005 to 2009 for example the Dividend Yield on year 2005 is 2.5 percent then each year been increased which year 2009, the yield is increased to 7.8 percent. It was reported that KFC Holdings generated revenue of RM1, 206, 9 million which accounted for a 10.9 percent increase over 2009. Since the sales increased over the country and show good performances, the number of Malaysian KFC outlets has increased to 399 in 2007 and now was increased to 500 outlets all around Malaysia. It is also was expected that the number of outlets will increase by the year of 2012. At end of March 2007, the research house imputing that 2 percent of selling price was implemented by Malaysian KFC outlets, and 3 to 4 percent selling price increase implemented at Singapore KFC outlets in November 2006. Since the selling price increased, KFC branches were growing fastest around nationwide. Apart from that, KFC Holdings (M) also increased the number of Ayamas Restaurant outlets to 19 from 14 outlets for 2007 and then from 14 to 21 outlets for 2008. The growth accelerated earnings by this company in 2QFY09 (+4.2%yoy to RM31.7m) as compared with +1.4%yoy in 1QFY09. The higher growth was due to higher contribution and better margin from KFC restaurant division. Chart 1.1: KFC Turnover breakdown (9M06) on 2006 Chart 1.2: KFC Pretax profit breakdown (9M06) on 2006 Below show the pie charts of turnover breakdown and pretax profit breakdown for KFC Holdings (M) on year 2006. Chart 1.2 show that the earnings that been driven by KFC restaurants chains, which account for almost 90 percent of group pretax profit. The turnover breakdown by year 2006 was almost 60 percent. Overall, it was expected that KFC is deliver mid-single digit revenue growth, which driven by high single digit growth in Malaysia KFC restaurant operations. SALES TREND Figure 1.4: KFC Holdings (M) sales growth from 2005 until 2009. Figure above shows the sales growth of KFC Holdings (M) from year 2005 to 2009. It is show that the sales were decreased from 6.5 percent on 2005 to 4.4 percent on 2006. Then the sales were decreased once again on year 2007 and record the growth about 4.0 percent. The sales were decreased because of the economic growth for the year came with a mà ©lange of highs and lows whereby the country at that time was unstable due to fuel crisis. This crisis bring on the the impact of higher food and oil prices left a reduction in consumption and business profits. However, on 2008, the economic began stable therefore the domestic sales prospects of KFC Holdings of Malaysia were increased due to stability of economic. As a result, sales growth for the whole of 2008 inclined increased to 5.0 percent compared to 4.0 percent in 2007. During the year of 2008, KFC Malaysia aggressively drove restaurant image enhancements. Many steps were taken to improve the overall KFC dining experience for the valued customer. For year 2009, KFC Malaysia became strong market activities and launch a disciplined operations therefore the sales transaction and profitability was increased again in 2009 with 7.2 percentages compared the year before. Expansion of restaurant at that times record greater growth in Peninsular Malaysia region also in Sabah and Sarawak regions. The expected increases in sales growth of KFC`s products was due to ongoing enhancement measures and the strong supportive of valued customers. YEAR SNACK DINNER 1985 3.95 4.95 1996 5.30 6.60 2004 6.70 8.80 Present 6.80 8.90 Table 1.5: Snapshots of KFC`s meal prices during selective periods from year 1985 until now. Since year of 1985, the price of KFC`s meals were become increased due to economic growth ever since. However, since the economic grew more standardize, the price of KFC`S meals were increased according  to  currency appreciation  and  the economy.  The people of  Malaysia  are also able  to  buy  the  KFC`s meals at reasonable price. However, this factor was not affecting the buyers but every year the sales growth even more increased. Years ago, the prices of meals at KFC were costly in range of RM3.00 to RM5.00. These days, getting a decent meal at KFC which include snack plate and a drink, inclusive of service charges were costly less than RM9.00 to RM10.00, which is not much more expensive than dining at hawker shops. CONCLUSION The economic growth of our country came with a mà ©lange of highs and lows. Sometimes the economic condition is at a stable place whereby the economic growth was steady. However, since fuel crisis came up in year 2007, the global economic downturn created cautionary, volatile and fragile market by year end. Since the crisis came up, the sales rates of KFC Holdings (M) was record downturn due to the impact of higher food and oil prices. The group of KFC Holdings (M) were trying to survive by came up with a lots of plan strategies to further the operations of the group. KFC group were committed to enhance performance during that year by introduced new meals to the restaurants and new product to the Ayamas Retails. Since the strategies were launched, in 2008, the group recorded an impressive revenue growth of 26 percent to RM2, 179.8 million from RM1, 703.4 million in 2007. In the previous year, the profit before tax also increased to RM167.5 million against RM150.6 million. The increasing of stellar performance also resulted on earnings per share whereby in 31st December 2007, it was recorded that the increased by 13.7 percent from 52.59 sen to 59.78 sen in 31st December 2008. On that year, the revenue from KFC restaurants contributed about 75 percent to the Group`s total turnover, 20 percent and 5 percent was contributed by the poultry and ancillary businesses. Since that, the improvement of KFCH`s sales growth become surprisingly increased in year 2009. Therefore, on 2nd January 2009, KFCH became a subsidiary of QSR Brands Bhd (QSR) and record that there is another 865,300 ordinary KFCH shares, increasing the QSR`s total holding in KFCH to 50.25 percent. This is became the significant milestone for the group to enhance the management capability on the sales growth of the business. The benefit of long term is to exercise result in management stability and positive income contribution of the group. Now the business of KFCH were at its stable condition and expand more further resulting on the increasing of sales growth each year. Since now and then, KFC becomes the biggest Malaysian fast-food operator with about 500 franchises of KFC restaurants and 26 of Ayamas outlets all around the country.

Julius Caesar: The Use Of Suspense :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar: The Use of Suspense Suspense can be defined as the uncertainties the reader feels about what will happen next in a story, or in this case, a play. William Shakespeare incorporated in Julius Caesar three very suspenseful events on which the whole play depends. The first suspenseful event of this play occurs when the conspirators join and discuss their reasons for assassination. Cassius feels that he is equal to Caesar, if not even better that him. Shakespeare builds suspense by using this statement made by Cassius: "I was born free as Caesar†¦/we both have fed as well, and we can both / endure the winter's cold as well as he." Then cassius tries to persuade Brutes to join in on the conspiracy by telling him that it would be honorable to assassinate Caesar. Cassius tells Brutes that the fate of Rome is in trouble with Caesar in power, which helps build suspense early in the play. To convince Brutes conclusively, cassius forged letters and threw them into Brutus's window where he was sure to find them. Shakespeare wrote this statement: "we will awake him and be sure of him. This is a very powerful statement that builds suspense because the reader most likely feels that Brutes will join in and want to assassinate Caesar, yet the reader is uncertain as to whether or not the plan will work. These events are very suspenseful as they lead up to the assassination of Caesar. The next series of suspenseful events that foreshadow Caesar's assassination happen on a very unusual night. One night before Caesar's death there were many strange occurrences the foreshadows darkness in the future. A lioness gave birth in the streets, the dead rose from their graves, fiery worriers fought in the clouds so fiercely that blood drizzled upon the capitol, horses neighed, dying men groaned, and ghosts shrieked and squealed along the streets; all events of this strange night that Shakespeare makes so suspenseful. Also on this unusual nigh, Calpurnia had a very frightening dream that was very suspenseful. The dream was of Caesar's statue emitting blood and many Romans were bathing in it. When the reader reads this he is "on the edge of his seat" finding that he cannot wait to find out what this dream foreshadows. Calpurnia was so frightened by these strange occurrences that she begged Caesar not to leave the house. Shakespeare created suspense by having Caesar speak these words: "and these does she apply for warnings and portents / and evils imminent, and on her knee / hath begged that I will stay at home today.

Allen Sapp :: essays research papers fc

Allen Sapp is a famous Indian artist. He was born in 1928 on the Red Pheasant Reserve near Battleford, Saskatchewan. He was raised and cared for by his grandmother, Maggie Soonias because his mother died of tuberculosis. He was a sickly child who was often picked on by other children. He took great pleasure in painting and drawing, beginning at age eight. Sapp married and in 1960 his son David was born in a tuberculosis sanitorium where his wife was sick. In 1961 she got out and they moved to Battleford. Allen tried to live off his art and tried to paint waht he thought the white man would like, often calendar art of places and animals he’d never actually seen. He dressed as he thought the white man would accept, and he knew little English. One morning in 1966 Sapp walking into the North Battleford Medical Clinic to sell his paintings. Here he met Dr. Allan Gonor, who liked his work. On his second visit Dr. Gonor saw a painting of Cheif Sam Swimmer and liked it. He bought it and asked for more. Allen began painting what he knew from the reserve. He turned out many paintings at a tremendous rate. Dr. Gonor arranged for him to see an art professor from the U of S. The little instruction he got form her was the only formal instruction he has ever had. In September 1968 she showed some of Allen’s paintings in her backyard. The show was a great success. On the Easter weekend of 1969 Allen had his first major exhibition. The people loved him. He became a great success. The value of his paintings went way up in the next little while as his popularity streadily increased and he did shows all over Canada and in the US and England. He once again became proud of his Indian heritage and began to dress the part. By 1974 h e even had a book written about him. In 1977 Sapp’s son, David, died. In 1985 Dr. Gonor died while visiting Thailand In December 1985 Sapp was elected to the Royal Canadian Acadamy of Arts (R.C.A.A.). He also became one of the first eight receipants of the Saskatchewan Award of Merit. In 1986 he was recognized as one of the Senior Native Artists in Canada. In January 1987 the Governor General of Canada appointed Sapp as an Officer to the Order of Canada.

Investigating Number of Stomata on a Leaf

Lab Design â€Å"Investigate the effect of a factor on the number of stomata of a leaf. † Research Question: How do differing leaf heights affect the number/density of stomata of a leaf? Hypothesis Stomata are pores, typically found under the leaf (lower epidermis), that control the gas exchange of transpiration, where water vapor leaves the plants, and carbon dioxide enters. I predict that the stomatal density on high leafs is higher than on low leafs. During photosynthesis the chloroplasts in the leaf cells synthesize ATP from ADP as a result of exposure to light, while oxygen is produced as a by-product of the photosynthetic reaction.Carbon dioxide, which enters the plant through diffusion via the stomata, is needed for this process (photosynthesis) to occur. When the chloroplasts in the leafs cell is exposed to higher light intensities, more ATP is synthesized from ADP, while production of the by-product oxygen also increases. This increase in the rate of photosynthesis ca lls for more â€Å"fuel†, i. e. Carbon dioxide. So for a higher concentration of carbon dioxide to diffuse into the plant, the plant must grow a greater stomatal density (higher number of stomata).This will create a larger surface area for carbon dioxide diffusion, the excretion of water vapor (transpiration) and the large amounts of oxygen being produced. As the higher leafs are exposed to higher light intensities I predict the stomatal density to be high. Lower leafs are exposed to lower light intensities due to, for example, shading by top leafs, and will so have a lower stomatal density than high leafs. Variables Controlled: Type of plant- The type of plant that is going to be used will stay the same, i. e. controlled.The type of plant that is used for this experiment is called Quercus Ilex. Amount of leafs (10 ‘high' leafs, 10 ‘low' leafs)- the ensure fair testing the number of leaves tested from each variable will be the same. Apparatus used- Same set up eac h time. Microscope magnification (400x)- Magnification at which the number of stomata will be counted at is at a magnification of 400x. Independent Variable: Leaf Source- The leaf source regarding to the ‘high' and ‘low' leafs is the variable which will be changed to test the difference in number of stomata of the two variables.Distance between high/low leafs- The distance between the height at which ‘low' and at which ‘high' leaves were picked each time had to be of a minimum of 20cm to ensure plausible results. Lower epidermis of leaf used to count stomatal density- Because Quercus Ilex is a dicotyledonous plant, the number of stomata on the lower epidermis will be higher than on the upper epidermis. This is because dicotyledonous plants hold up their leaves horizontally, which directly illuminates the lower epidermis. So, to prevent water loss, fewer stomata will then be located on the upper epidermis. Dependent Variable:Stomatal Density of high leafs Stom atal Density of low leafs Apparatus/Material 10 high leafs 10 low leafs Clear nail polish Slides Pincette Microscope Clear Tape Calculator Method Find a leaf source that has a significant height from which you will be collecting your leafs from throughout the entire experiment. Determine a low area, of little height from the ground, on the source from which you will pick 10 ‘low' leafs. Repeat step 2, except that the area must be at an increased height distance of at least 20cm, to ensure a fair test and collection of ‘high' leafs from a higher area than that of the ‘low' leafs.Choose a leaf of which the stomatal density is to be examined but don't pick it off the plant. This is so that the plants photosynthetic process will not be disturbed which could lead to change in the leafs natural state and affect your results. Paint a layer of clear nail polish on the lower epidermis of the leaf and wait until it has dried. Use your tweezers to gently peel off the dried la yer of nail polish. Gently peel the area of dried nail polish from the leaf completely. You should see a cloudy impression of leaf surface on the piece of tape. This is the leaf impression. Place the leaf impression to a clean slide.Label the slide for identification if necessary. Focus the leaf impression under a microscope magnification of 40x until it is focused and observe the leaf impression. Find an area that is clean of thumbprints, away from the edge of impression, has no damaged areas or big leaf vein impressions in view. When focused, observe the impression under an increased microscope magnification of 100x and make sure it is focused. When focused, observe the impression under an increased microscope magnification of 400x, the magnification at which you will count the number of stomata, and focus.Count the number of stomata you see in the field of view and record the number in a table under the relevant variable (‘high' or ‘low' leaf). To ensure a fair test, repeat steps 9-13 two times by choosing a new spot on the same leaf to focus on. Use the higher number of the 2 repeats to find the average later on. Repeat steps 1-14 ten times for the 10 high leafs and 10 low leafs. Raw Data: How differing leaf heights affect the number/density of stomata of a leaf One manipulation that was done to the raw data to help make it more useful for interpretation was the rounding off of ? Average # of stomata of ?Final?.. etc? , because firstly a stomata cannot be present in the quantity of a decimal and secondly, so that when drawing the graph all numbers have the same number of significant figures which will produce a neater and more accurate graph. Processed Data: How differing leaf heights affect the number/density of stomata of a leaf Magnification: 400x Field of View (FOV) diameter: 0. 45 mm Radius (r ): 0. 225 mm Surface Area (SA)/mm? N (? r? ) : 3. 14 x (0. 225)? = 0. 159 mm? |Leaf |# of stomata of ‘High' Leafs per 0. 159 mm? 2 Stomata) | | |1 |2 |Final | |1 |39 |35 |39 | |2 |52 |56 |56 | |3 |32 |38 |38 | |4 |50 |40 |50 | |5 |37 |34 |37 | |6 |53 |47 |53 | |7 |45 |42 |45 | |8 |43 |50 |50 | |9 |53 |49 |53 | |10 |42 |39 |42 | |Average # of stomata of ‘Final' per 0. 159 mm?  ± 2 Stomata) | | | |46 | Graphs Graph including processed data trial 1 & 2 for High and Low leafs: Blue: # of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 1 Red: # of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 2 Yellow: # of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 1 Green: # of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 2 Graph including processed data ‘Final's results for High and Low leafs: High Leafs: Mean value line with value 46. 3, standard deviation: 6. 993 Low Leafs: Mean value line with value 26. 2, standard deviation: 2. 3 Calculations Difference in mean > 46. – 26. 2 = 20. 1 Difference in S. D. > 6. 993 – 2. 3 = 4. 693 Because the standard deviations are much less than the difference in the mean numbe r of stomata, it is very likely that the difference in the mean number of stomata between High Leafs and Low Leafs is significant. T-TEST Null hypothesis: The number of stomata on high leafs and low leafs are not different. The differences in the data sets are the result of chance variation only and they are not really different. Mean of # of stomata on High Leafs: 46. 3 Mean of # of stomata on Low Leafs: 26. 2 t=8. 63 Degrees of freedom= (10+10)–2= 18 Critical value for t=2. 101 (P= 0. 05) Conclusion

Listing and Speaking

Skill Development: Fear of public speaking http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=a56v2PSUQy8&feature=related Proactive = controlling a situation by making things happen or by preparing for possible future problems Myth = an idea or story that is believed by many people but that is not true Come across = to make a particular impression Overwhelming = something that is so confusing or difficult Optimal = best or most effectiveProfound = major, significant Intimate = having a very close relationship Overcompensating = trying to make up for something that is lacking or bad by doing too much of something else Rehearse = to say or do (something) several times in order to practice Backfire = to have the opposite result of what was desired or expected Interpretation: Keys to Successful Interpreting: Consecutive Interpretation Note-taking http://www. youtube. om/watch? v=ddRk2pvzsVQ Rambling = lengthy Incomprehensible = beyond your understanding Furiously = rapidly Decipher = make sense of Scribb le = scrawl = jot down Groping around = searching blindly or uncertainly Consign = transfer Delegate = a person who speaks or acts on behalf of an organization at a meeting or conference Encapsulate = summarizeHindrance = obstacle Politics: Palestine http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=qANkb5hUUfo Resolution = decision |Contend = argue | |Confrontation = conflict |Negotiate = discuss | |Implicit = hidden |Accountability = responsibility | |Partition = separation |Demolish = destroy | |envisage = imagine |Get away with = escape | |Territory = area |To be held accountable = held responsible | |Disputed = undecided |swirling = twisting | Linguistics: Language acquisition http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=pmsQJfyVrr0&feature=related instinctively = intuitively |species = basic category of biological classification | |isolate = separate |defect = a shortcoming, fault, or imperfection | |multitude = large number |mutation = change or alteration | |cognitive = mental |disorder = a disturbanc e in physical or mental health or functions | |breakthrough = sudden discovery |version = a particular form or variant of something | Technology India Launches World's CheapestTablet Computer for 50$ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=oQXQVuaJ43o;feature=related sneak peek = an opportunity to see something before it is officially available gadget = small device or machine with a particular purpose port = in computers: a data connection in a computer to which a peripheral device or a transmission line from a remote terminal can be attached. HD= high definition = a system which produces very good quality television images in greater detail than ordinary systemsDebate: How to Change http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=zSb5BmIfNhI maverick |unconventional person | |entrepreneur |capitalist | |leap |jump | |rash |reckless | |enhance |improve | |attribute |quality | |philanthropy |charity | Religion and Culture convert |change | |committed |devoted | |preach |give a sermon | |polish |improve | |by the stack |a great deal | |unequivocally |clearly | |manuscript |document | |authentic |true – original |salvation |saving | |embrace |accept | Positive Psychology How to be Happy: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ilry-1-ucnA;feature=related pursue = continue elusive = hard to find fugitive = difficult to get evolutionary = gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form ingrained = very difficult to change propensity = a strong natural tendency to do something mechanism = a process or system that is used to produce a particular result o endure = to continue going through something unpleasant sustain = to provide what is needed for (something or someone) to exist hedonic treadmill = the tendency of humans to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness genetic set point = baseline habituating = make or become accustomed or used to something. hard wired = functions that are innate and unlearned in living s ystems lottery savoring = enjoying mindfulness = being aware of fruition = realization virtues = good and moral behavior analogy = a comparison of two things sensation = a particular feeling or effect that your body experiences cultivate = to improve or develop

Financial Wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Wellness - Essay Example sted in a wide variety of financial instruments such as common stocks, preferred stock, corporate bonds, treasury bills, and derivative instruments among other options. People can use finances to plan for their retirement (Cnn). An area of finances that I often have trouble with is budgeting. I always try to create a personal budget of my expenses every month, but it seems as if my personal budgets are always off. I always end up spending more money than what my budget stipulates. The use of software such as excel or quicken can help people manage their personal budgets better (Intuit). Financial goals are very important. â€Å"The first step in personal financial planning is controlling your day-to-day financial affairs to enable you to do the things that brings you satisfaction and enjoyment† (Fowles). These goals can be established for the immediate, short, medium and long term. SMART goals are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely (Topachievement). An immediate goal is to save at least $300 at the end of the month. A short term goal is to purchase a new smartphone within one to two months. A second short term goals is to save money to purchase winter clothes. An intermediate goa l is to increase the value of my investment portfolio by 10% at the end of the year. Another goal is to save money for a down payment on a new home within five years. A long term goal is to save $250,000 by retirement

HND Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HND Business Law - Essay Example ement is entered into, regardless of the manner in which it is executed, all parties agree to abide by the terms and conditions spelled out in said agreement. Only if all parties agree to be released from a particular clause in the contract, or an agreement is reached to null and void the entire contract, it remains in force. If violated, one party will likely have a claim against the other in a court of law. This brief section covers all three of these different types of contracts. When considering verbal agreements and contracts, it is important to remember that they are legally binding as a written contract in many situations. The key today, however, is proving the terms and conditions in question when a disagreement arises in a modern business situation. Under UK law, it has been largely determined that there are two main areas that constitute an actual binding agreement between two or more parties. The first involves whether or not an agreement was actually clearly reached as to the services that were to be performed, or goods provided. The second involves remuneration. If a figure was reached and agreed upon, it would be considered binding. Interestingly enough a verbal agreement today can be reached via either an in-person or on telephone voice exchange, or via email. Verbal contracts are more difficult to prove in a court of law. If one party states that the other party did not meet the conditions or warranties stipulated in the agreement, then problems can arise. If these are written out in a formal and written agreement, the issue is often quickly resolved. If, however, the agreement was verbal in nature, it can quickly become a ‘he said, she said’ affair that makes it difficult to prove one way or other in court. As such, it is recommended that the terms and conditions be clearly spelled out in a contract. Written agreements, quite simply, are similar to verbal agreements, except that they have a verifiable signature on them from all